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The Sura (, , Săr) is a river in Russia, a north-flowing right tributary of the Volga. Its mouth on the Volga is about halfway between Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. It flows through Penza Oblast, Mordovia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Chuvashia and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . «Река СУРА», Russian State Water Registry It is navigable for 394 km from the mouth.
The city of Penza, and smaller towns Alatyr, Shumerlya, Yadrin lie along the Sura. At the confluence with the Volga lies the settlement of Vasilsursk.
The principal tributaries of the Sura are the Penza, the Pyana, and the Alatyr.
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